Confined spaces are among the highest-risk work environments  in South Africa. Oxygen deficiency, toxic gases, engulfment hazards, and restricted access make a single mistake potentially fatal. Under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA)  and General Safety Regulation 5 , every employer in Cape Town  must implement strict controls before anyone enters a confined space. This is not a guideline. It’s a legal duty —and one of the most enforced areas during inspections by